The fossil record continues to grow. And with it, so does the contradiction at the heart of the study of human evolution. Each year brings new hominin fossils—jaws, skulls, infant mandibles—that confuse our picture of early human evolution. Instead of revealing a coherent lineage shaped by adaptive refinement, the evidence points to mounting morphological […]
biology
All gender is male: An ethological perspective
When we observe humanity from a perspective of animal behaviour (ethology), we find something unusual: human females do not look or act like females in most other species. Instead, they exhibit behaviours and characteristics that, in the rest of the animal kingdom, are associated with males competing for mates. This might seem counterintuitive at first, […]
Biology, Not Philosophy
It’s a sunny spring day and the birds are busy. Some are flying about, perhaps foraging. I notice one staring at me from beneath a bush. What does it want? Suddenly, the bird returns with a little stick in its beak, flies away, and disappears into a tree. Ah—it’s probably building a nest. I have […]